Inhaled nitric oxide improves post-cardiac arrest outcomes via guanylate cyclase-1 in bone marrow-derived cells

Abstract

Rationale: Nitric oxide (NO) exerts its biological effects primarily via activation of guanylate cyclase (GC) and production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Inhaled NO improves outcomes after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, mechanisms of the protective effects of breathing NO after cardiac arrest are incompletely understood.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanisms of beneficial effects of inhaled NO on outcomes after cardiac arrest.

Methods: Adult male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice, GC-1 knockout mice, and chimeric WT mice with WT or GC-1 knockout bone marrow were subjected to 8 min of potassium-induced cardiac arrest to determine the role of GC-1 in bone marrow-derived cells. Mice breathed air or 40 parts per million NO for 23 h starting at 1 h after CPR.

Results: Breathing NO after CPR prevented hypercoagulability, cerebral microvascular occlusion, an increase in circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and right ventricular dysfunction in WT mice, but not in GC-1 knockout mice, after cardiac arrest. The lack of GC-1 in bone marrow-derived cells diminished the beneficial effects of NO breathing after CPR.

Conclusions: GC-dependent signaling in bone marrow-derived cells is essential for the beneficial effects of inhaled NO after cardiac arrest and CPR.

Keywords: Bone marrow-derived cells; Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Guanylate cyclase; Inhaled nitric oxide.