The local microenvironment matters in preclinical basic and translational studies of cancer immunology and immunotherapy

Affiliations

• ¹ Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: william_ho@immunol.a-star.edu.sg.
• ² Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: mikael.pittet@unige.ch.
• ³ Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: dai@steele.mgh.harvard.edu.
• ⁴ Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: jain@steele.mgh.harvard.edu.