New Zinc-Based Active Chitosan Films: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

Debora Policastro; Eugenia Giorno; Francesca Scarpelli; Nicolas Godbert; Loredana Ricciardi; Alessandra Crispini; Angela Candreva; Fabio Marchetti; Sonila Xhafa; Renata De Rose; Antonello Nucera; Riccardo C Barberi; Marco Castriota; Loredana De Bartolo; Iolinda Aiello

doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.884059

New Zinc-Based Active Chitosan Films: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

Front Chem. 2022 May 31:10:884059. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884059. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Debora Policastro¹, Eugenia Giorno¹, Francesca Scarpelli¹, Nicolas Godbert¹, Loredana Ricciardi^{1

2}, Alessandra Crispini¹, Angela Candreva¹, Fabio Marchetti³, Sonila Xhafa³, Renata De Rose⁴, Antonello Nucera⁵, Riccardo C Barberi^{2

5}, Marco Castriota^{2

5}, Loredana De Bartolo⁶, Iolinda Aiello^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM - CR INSTM, Unità INSTM of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Rende, Italy.
² CNR NANOTEC- Institute of Nanotechnology U.O.S. Cosenza, Rende, Italy.
³ School of Science and Technology Chemistry Section, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
⁴ LAB CF-INABEC Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
⁵ Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Rende, Italy.
⁶ Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, C/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.

Abstract

The improvement of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chitosan (CS) films can be realized by incorporating transition metal complexes as active components. In this context, bioactive films were prepared by embedding a newly synthesized acylpyrazolonate Zn(II) complex, [Zn(Q^PhtBu)₂(MeOH)₂], into the eco-friendly biopolymer CS matrix. Homogeneous, amorphous, flexible, and transparent CS@Zn_n films were obtained through the solvent casting method in dilute acidic solution, using different weight ratios of the Zn(II) complex to CS and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The X-ray single-crystal analysis of [Zn(Q^PhtBu)₂(MeOH)₂] and the evaluation of its intermolecular interactions with a protonated glucosamine fragment through hydrogen bond propensity (HBP) calculations are reported. The effects of the different contents of the [Zn(Q^PhtBu)₂(MeOH)₂] complex on the CS biological proprieties have been evaluated, proving that the new CS@Zn_n films show an improved antioxidant activity, tested according to the DPPH method, with respect to pure CS, related to the concentration of the incorporated Zn(II) complex. Finally, the CS@Zn_n films were tried out as antimicrobial agents, showing an increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) with respect to pure CS, when detected by the agar disk-diffusion method.

Keywords: Zn(II) complex; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; chitosan; films.