Dynamic Effective Connectivity Patterns During Rapid Face Stimuli Presentation in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Wan-Wa Wong; D Rangaprakash; Teena D Moody; Jamie D Feusner

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.890424

Dynamic Effective Connectivity Patterns During Rapid Face Stimuli Presentation in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Front Neurosci. 2022 May 24:16:890424. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.890424. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Wan-Wa Wong¹, D Rangaprakash², Teena D Moody³, Jamie D Feusner^{1

3

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.
³ Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences & Clinical Translation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵ Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

In individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), perceptual appearance distortions may be related to imbalances in global vs. local visual processing. Understanding the mechanistic brain effects of potential interventions is crucial for rational treatment development. The dorsal visual stream (DVS) is tuned to rapid image presentation, facilitating global/holistic processing, whereas the ventral visual stream (VVS), responsible for local/detailed processing, reduces activation magnitude with shorter stimulus duration. This study tested a strategy of rapid, short-duration face presentation on visual system connectivity. Thirty-eight unmedicated adults with BDD and 29 healthy controls viewed photographs of their faces for short (125 ms, 250 ms, 500 ms) and long (3000 ms) durations during fMRI scan. Dynamic effective connectivity in DVS and VVS was analyzed. BDD individuals exhibited weaker connectivity from occipital to parietal DVS areas than controls for all stimuli durations. Short compared with long viewing durations (125 ms vs. 3,000 ms and 500 ms vs. 3,000 ms) resulted in significantly weaker VVS connectivity from calcarine cortex to inferior occipital gyri in controls; however, there was only a trend for similar results in BDD. The DVS to VVS ratio, representing a balance between global and local processing, incrementally increased with shorter viewing durations in BDD, although it was not statistically significant. In sum, visual systems in those with BDD are not as responsive as in controls to rapid face presentation. Whether rapid face presentation could reduce connectivity in visual systems responsible for local/detailed processing in BDD may necessitate different parameters or strategies. These results provide mechanistic insights for perceptual retraining treatment designs.

Keywords: BDD; dorsal and ventral visual streams; face processing; functional MRI; rapid face presentation; time-varying effective connectivity.

Abstract

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