Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles modulate macrophage polarization and enhance angio-osteogenesis to promote bone healing

Affiliations

• ¹ Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 119085, Singapore.
• ² Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138648, Singapore.
• ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore.
• ⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
• ⁵ Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
• ⁶ Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.