Accelerated Formation of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Thin Films by Lewis Bases for High Efficiency Solar Cell Applications

Swathi M Gowdru; Jou-Chun Lin; Szu-Tan Wang; Yi-Chia Chen; Kuan-Chang Wu; Cheng-Nan Jiang; Yu-Dian Chen; Shao-Sian Li; Yuan Jay Chang; Di-Yan Wang

doi:10.3390/nano12111816

Accelerated Formation of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Thin Films by Lewis Bases for High Efficiency Solar Cell Applications

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 May 26;12(11):1816. doi: 10.3390/nano12111816.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
² Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.

Abstract

Various types of 2D organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have been developed and investigated due to better electron transport behavior and environmental stability. Controlling the formation of phases in the 2D perovskite films has been considered to play an important role in influencing the stability of perovskite materials and their performance in optoelectronic applications. In this work, Lewis base urea was used as an effective additive for the formation of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite (BA)₂(MA)_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1 thin film with mixed phases (n = 2~4). The detailed structural morphology of the 2D perovskite thin film was investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and photoluminescence mapping. The results indicated that the urea additive could facilitate the formation of 2D RP perovskite thin film with larger grain size and high crystallinity. The 2D RP perovskite thin films for solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.9% under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW/cm².

Keywords: 2D Ruddlesden—Popper Perovskite; BA2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1; PL mapping; grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering; in-situ X-ray diffraction.

Grants and funding

This work has been financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 109-2113-M-029-002, MOST 110-2639-E-011-001-ASP, MOST 110-3116-F-011-003 and MOST 110-2113-M-029-010-MY3) and Tunghai University.