Fluorescently Labeled Gadolinium Ferrate/Trigadolinium Pentairon(III) Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vivo Biodistribution, and Application for Visualization of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Dmitry V Korolev; Galina A Shulmeyster; Maria S Istomina; Natalia V Evreinova; Ilia V Aleksandrov; Aleksandr S Krasichkov; Viktor N Postnov; Michael M Galagudza

doi:10.3390/ma15113832

Fluorescently Labeled Gadolinium Ferrate/Trigadolinium Pentairon(III) Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vivo Biodistribution, and Application for Visualization of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Materials (Basel). 2022 May 27;15(11):3832. doi: 10.3390/ma15113832.

Authors

Dmitry V Korolev^{1

2}, Galina A Shulmeyster¹, Maria S Istomina^{1

3}, Natalia V Evreinova^{1

4}, Ilia V Aleksandrov¹, Aleksandr S Krasichkov⁵, Viktor N Postnov^{1

6}, Michael M Galagudza^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia.
² Laboratory of Blood Circulation Biophysics, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia.
³ Department of Nano- and Microelectronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia.
⁴ Department of Electrochemical Production, Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Saint-Petersburg 190013, Russia.
⁵ Department of Radio Engineering Systems, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia.
⁶ Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
⁷ Department of Pathophysiology with Clinical Pathophysiology Course, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia.

Abstract

Various gadolinium compounds have been proposed as contrasting agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we suggested a new synthesis method of gadolinium ferrate/trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide nanoparticles (GF/TPO NPs). The specific surface area of gadolinium ferrate (GdFeO₃) and trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide (Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂) nanoparticles was equal to 42 and 66 m²/g, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized substances were GdFeO₃ and Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂. The gadolinium content in the samples was close to the theoretically calculated value. The free gadolinium content was negligible. Biodistribution of the GF/TPO NPs was studied in rats by fluorescent imaging and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ quantification demonstrating predominant accumulation in such organs as lung, kidney, and liver. We showed in the in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury that GF/TPO NPs are able to target the area of myocardial infarction as evidenced by the significantly greater level of fluorescence. In perspective, the use of fluorescently labeled GF/TPO NPs in multimodal imaging may provide basis for high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the infarcted heart, thereby serving as unique theranostic platform.

Keywords: biodistribution; fluorophores; gadolinium ferrate; indocyanine green; myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury; nanoparticles; trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide.

Grants and funding

This study has been supported by the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (State Task Order 121031100308-0).