Multilevel Modelling of the Individual and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Incomplete Antenatal Care Visit among Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches

Teshita Uke Chikako; Reta Habtamu Bacha; John Elvis Hagan Jr; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Kenenisa Abdisa Kuse; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah

doi:10.3390/ijerph19116600

Multilevel Modelling of the Individual and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Incomplete Antenatal Care Visit among Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 28;19(11):6600. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116600.

Authors

Teshita Uke Chikako¹, Reta Habtamu Bacha², John Elvis Hagan Jr^{3

4}, Abdul-Aziz Seidu^{5

6}, Kenenisa Abdisa Kuse⁷, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah⁸

Affiliations

¹ Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 05, Ethiopia.
² Department of Statistics, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana.
⁴ Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
⁵ Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi P.O. Box 256, Ghana.
⁶ College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
⁷ Department of Statistics, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora P.O. Box 144, Ethiopia.
⁸ School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.

Abstract

Background: Antenatal care is an operational public health intervention to minimize maternal and child morbidity and mortality. However, for varied reasons, many women fail to complete the recommended number of visits. The objective of this study was to assess antenatal care utilization and identify the factors associated with the incomplete antenatal care visit among reproductive age women in Ethiopia.

Methods: The 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data were used for this study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis and two level binary logistic regression models were utilized.

Results: Around 56.8% of women in Ethiopia did not complete the recommended number of antenatal care visits. Women from rural areas were about 1.622 times more likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women from urban areas. Women who had no pregnancy complication signs were about 2.967 times more likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women who had pregnancy complication signs. Women who had a slight problem and a big problem with the distance from a health center were about 1.776 and 2.973 times more likely, respectively, to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women whose distance from a health center was not a problem. Furthermore, women who had ever terminated pregnancy were about 10.6% less likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women who had never terminated pregnancy.

Conclusions: The design and strengthening of existing interventions (e.g., small clinics) should consider identified factors aimed at facilitating antenatal care visits to promote maternal and child health related outcomes. Issues related to urban-rural disparities and noted hotspot areas for incomplete antenatal care visits should be given special attention.

Keywords: Bayesian multilevel modeling; EMDHS; antenatal care visit; reproductive age.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bayes Theorem
Child
Ethiopia
Female
Humans
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Pregnancy
Prenatal Care*
Reproduction*
Rural Population

Grants and funding

We sincerely thank Bielefeld University, Germany for providing financial support through the Open Access Publication Fund for the article processing charge.