Under-five children's acute respiratory infection dropped significantly in Bangladesh: An evidence from Bangladesh demographic and health survey, 1996-2018

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to systematically identify and review the most significant risk factors and the trends that follow acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children under five in Bangladesh.

Methods: A total of 6863 under-five children were eligible for our analysis, retrieved from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014. ARI cases were defined if a child experienced coughing with short and rapid breathing at the chest that occurred during 2 weeks prior to the study. Logistic regression and systematic review methods were appraised to explore the various risk factors involving ARI in Bangladesh. Furthermore, a trend analysis was performed to overlook the historical trend of ARI prevalence and affiliated determinants from 1996/97 to 2017/18 in Bangladesh.

Results: Over the past two decades, Bangladesh experienced a significant drop in ARI prevalence from 12.8% in 1996 to only 3.0% in 2018. The cross-sectional findings revealed that boys (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78), stunted children (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.78) and mothers with primary or no education (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.43-4.90) and secondary education (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.00-3.44) have the higher odds of ARI than their counterparts.

Conclusion: Acute respiratory infection prevalence significantly declined in Bangladesh, while boys, stunted children and uneducated or primary educated mothers were identified as potential risk factors.

Keywords: Bangladesh; acute respiratory infections; determinants, under-five children; prevalence trends.