Amelioration of diabetes and its complications by Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen fruit peel extract and its fractions in alloxan and STZ-NA induced diabetes in Wistar rats

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen fruit peel extract (EMZFP) and its fractions in ameliorating diabetes and its complications in alloxan and STZ-NA induced diabetes in Wistar rats.

Methods: Antidiabetic effects of EMZFP were assessed in alloxan (150 mg kg^-1) induced diabetes in differently grouped rats (n=6). Diabetic rats were treated with EMZFP 150, 300, and 600 mg kg^-1 while, glimepiride (0.09 mg kg^-1) was used as a reference standard. Treated animals were assessed for various biological parameters i.e. blood glucose, serum lipids, nephroprotective markers, cardiovascular risk indices, liver glycogen, neuropathy, body weight, and histopathology of kidneys. However, for evaluating antidiabetic effects of fractions (chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and remaining ethanol fraction) of EMZFP, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg kg^-1)-nicotinamide (120 mg kg^-1/ml) in differently grouped male rats (n=6). Diabetic rats were treated with EMZFP fractions 200 mg kg^-1 however; glibenclamide (10 mg kg^-1) was a reference standard and evaluated for blood glucose, serum lipids, cardiovascular risk indices, and diabetic neuropathy.

Results: EMZFP 300 and 600 mg kg^-1/day demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic effects with augmentation in glycogen content, perfection in serum lipid profile, cardiovascular risk indices, body weight enhancement, nephroprotective effects, beneficial in peripheral neuropathy, and histopathological evidence of reversal of glomerulosclerosis. EMZFP-Et and EMZFP-EA fractions depicted a significant improvement in blood glucose, serum lipid profile, cardiovascular risk indices, and peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion: EMZFP and its Et and EA fractions ameliorated diabetes and its complications by improving glycemic control and associated biochemical alteration.

Highlights: • Manilkara Zapota (L.) P. Royen fruit peel 70% ethanolic extract exert antidiabetic effects• EMZFP significantly ameliorated diabetic biochemical parameters and its complications.• EMZFP-Et and EMZFP-EA fractions exert potential antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic effects and significantly improved cardiovascular risk indices, and peripheral neuropathy.• Studied MZFP can be used as promising natural herbal source of antidiabetic principles.

Keywords: Blood glucose; Cardiovascular risk indices; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic complications; Diabetic neuropathy.