Measurement Accuracy of Freezing of Gait Scoring Based on Videos

Yuki Kondo; Katsuhiro Mizuno; Kyota Bando; Ippei Suzuki; Takuya Nakamura; Shusei Hashide; Hideki Kadone; Kenji Suzuki

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.828355

Measurement Accuracy of Freezing of Gait Scoring Based on Videos

Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 May 19:16:828355. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.828355. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yuki Kondo^{1

2}, Katsuhiro Mizuno^{2

3

4}, Kyota Bando², Ippei Suzuki², Takuya Nakamura², Shusei Hashide², Hideki Kadone^{5

6}, Kenji Suzuki^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Doctoral Programs in Intelligent and Mechanical Interaction Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
² Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
⁵ Center for Innovative Medicine and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
⁶ Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
⁷ Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common symptom in the late stages of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Videos are the gold standard method to conduct FOG scoring; however, the measurement accuracy of FOG scoring based on videos has not been formally assessed, despite its use in previous studies. This study aimed to calculate the measurement accuracy of video-based FOG scoring. Three evaluators scored the FOG based on 157 video data points collected from 21 patients using an annotation tool. One evaluator measured the intra-rater reliability of the retest. The total duration of observed FOG, percentage of the time spent with FOG during the walking task (%FOG), and FOG phenotypes (shuffling, trembling, and complete akinesia) were evaluated. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities. The duration of FOG and %FOG showed good measurement accuracy for both intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities. However, the FOG phenotypes showed poor measurement accuracy in inter-rater reliability. These results indicate that the temporal characteristics of FOG can be scored with a high degree of measurement accuracy, even with different evaluators; conversely, the FOG phenotypes need to be scored by several evaluators.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; freezing of gait; gait disorders; reliability; video-based detection.