Autoantibodies and autoimmune disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathogenicity and immune regulation

Thiviya Darmarajan; Keshav Raj Paudel; Mayuren Candasamy; Jestin Chellian; Thiagarajan Madheswaran; Lakshmana Prabu Sakthivel; Bey Hing Goh; Piyush Kumar Gupta; Niraj Kumar Jha; Hari Prasad Devkota; Gaurav Gupta; Monica Gulati; Sachin Kumar Singh; Philip Michael Hansbro; Brian Gregory George Oliver; Kamal Dua; Dinesh Kumar Chellappan

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20984-7

Autoantibodies and autoimmune disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathogenicity and immune regulation

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(36):54072-54087. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20984-7. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Authors

Thiviya Darmarajan^#¹, Keshav Raj Paudel^#², Mayuren Candasamy³, Jestin Chellian³, Thiagarajan Madheswaran⁴, Lakshmana Prabu Sakthivel⁵, Bey Hing Goh^{6

7}, Piyush Kumar Gupta⁸, Niraj Kumar Jha^{9

10

11}, Hari Prasad Devkota^{12

13}, Gaurav Gupta^{14

15

16}, Monica Gulati^{17

18}, Sachin Kumar Singh^{17

18}, Philip Michael Hansbro², Brian Gregory George Oliver^{19

20}, Kamal Dua^{18

21}, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan²²

Affiliations

¹ School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Subang Jaya, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
³ Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
⁶ Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia.
⁷ College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
⁸ Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁹ Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
¹⁰ Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
¹¹ Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
¹² Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
¹³ Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
¹⁴ School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India.
¹⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
¹⁶ Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
¹⁷ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
¹⁸ Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
¹⁹ School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
²⁰ Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
²¹ Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
²² Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. dinesh_kumar@imu.edu.my.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease associated with the respiratory system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aim of this review article is to establish an understanding about the relationship between autoimmune conditions and COVID-19 infections. Although majority of the population have been protected with vaccines against this virus, there is yet a successful curative medication for this disease. The use of autoimmune medications has been widely considered to control the infection, thus postulating possible relationships between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Several studies have suggested the correlation between autoantibodies detected in patients and the severity of the COVID-19 disease. Studies have indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can disrupt the self-tolerance mechanism of the immune system, thus triggering autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the current scenario and future prospects of promising therapeutic strategies that may be employed to regulate such autoimmune conditions.

Keywords: Active immunity; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; COVID-19; Passive immunity; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Autoantibodies
Autoimmune Diseases*
COVID-19*
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Virulence

Substances

Autoantibodies