Temporal patterns of plastic contamination in surface waters at the SS Yongala shipwreck, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Michaela E Miller; Marina F M Santana; Madeline Carsique; Cherie A Motti; Mark Hamann; Frederieke J Kroon

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119545

Temporal patterns of plastic contamination in surface waters at the SS Yongala shipwreck, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 15:307:119545. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119545. Epub 2022 May 25.

Authors

Michaela E Miller¹, Marina F M Santana², Madeline Carsique³, Cherie A Motti⁴, Mark Hamann⁵, Frederieke J Kroon⁴

Affiliations

¹ Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia. Electronic address: michaela.miller@my.jcu.edu.au.
² Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
³ AgroParisTech, Paris, 75005, France.
⁴ Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
⁵ College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.

PMID: 35643289
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119545

Abstract

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous within the marine environment, including surface waters, water column and benthic sediments. Marine plastic contamination is expected to increase if future projections of increased plastic production eventuate. Conversely, national and international efforts are aiming to reduce marine plastic contamination. In this context, scientists, managers and the general public are increasingly interested in understanding the status and temporal trends of plastic contamination in the marine environment. Presented here is the first temporal assessment of plastic contamination in surface waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Specifically, duplicate surface seawater samples (n = 66) were collected at the SS Yongala shipwreck (Central GBR) monthly from September 2016 to September 2019 and analysed for plastic presence and abundance. The processing workflow involved density separation, followed by filtration, visual identification and sizing of putative plastics using stereomicroscopy, and chemical characterisation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A total of 533 plastic items were identified across all tows, consisting of macro-, meso- and microplastic fragments and fibres, with polypropylene and polyethylene being the most common polymers. Plastic contamination was detected in every replicate tow, bar one. Plastic concentrations fluctuated and spiked every three months, although contamination did not significantly alter across the three-year period. Wind speed, salinity and river discharge volume, but not surface current speed nor sea surface temperature, had a significant influence on the levels of plastic contamination. This study reveals, for the first time, the chronic presence of plastic debris in the surface waters of the GBR highlighting the need for long-term and on-going monitoring of the marine environment for plastic contamination.

Keywords: Baseline contamination; Macroplastic; Marine monitoring; Microplastic; Physicochemical parameters.

MeSH terms

Australia
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Environmental Pollution / analysis
Plastics* / analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

Plastics
Water Pollutants, Chemical