For the first time, uniaxial megaplastic compression was successfully applied to a polycrystalline shape-memory Cu-Al-Ni-based alloy. The samples before and after uniaxial megaplastic compression were examined by methods of X-ray diffraction, optical, electron transmission, and scanning microscopy. The temperature dependences of electrical resistance and the mechanical properties of the alloys under uniaxial tension were also measured. The mechanical behavior under uniaxial megaplastic compression in isothermal conditions in the range of 300-1073 K was studied using the Instron 8862 electric testing machine. The microstructure, phase composition, and martensitic transformations in the eutectoid alloy (Cu-14wt.%Al-4 wt.%Ni) were studied. The radical refinement of the grain structure of the initial hardened D03 austenite was found under controlled isothermal compression, due to dynamic recrystallization in the temperature range 673-1073 K and velocities of 0.5-5 mm/min. Compression at 873-1073 K was accompanied by simultaneous partial pro-eutectoid decomposition with the precipitation of the γ2 phase. Compression at temperatures of 673 and 773 K-that is, below the eutectoid decomposition temperature (840 K)-was accompanied by the precipitation of disperse γ2 and α phases, and ultradisperse B2' particles. Cooling of the deformed alloy to room temperature after performing each regime of compression led to thermoelastic martensitic transformation, together with the precipitation of the β' and γ' phases. The formation of a fine-grained structure produced an unusual combination of strength and plasticity of the initially brittle alloy both under controlled uniaxial compression, and during subsequent tensile tests at room temperature.
Keywords: copper alloys; fine-grained structure; megaplastic compression; physical and mechanical properties; quenching; shape-memory effect; thermoelastic martensitic transformation.