Green Deal and Circular Economy of Bottom Ash Waste Management in Building Industry-Alkali (NaOH) Pre-Treatment

Nikolina Poranek; Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk; Lidia Lombardi; Adrian Czajkowski; Magdalena Bogacka; Krzysztof Pikoń

doi:10.3390/ma15103487

Green Deal and Circular Economy of Bottom Ash Waste Management in Building Industry-Alkali (NaOH) Pre-Treatment

Materials (Basel). 2022 May 12;15(10):3487. doi: 10.3390/ma15103487.

Authors

Nikolina Poranek^{1

2

3}, Beata Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk², Lidia Lombardi⁴, Adrian Czajkowski^{3

5

6}, Magdalena Bogacka¹, Krzysztof Pikoń¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
² Department of Building Engineering and Building Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
³ Doctoral School, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
⁴ Faculty of Engineering, Niccolò Cusano University, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
⁵ Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
⁶ EnergySol s.c., Przepiórek 53, 43-100 Tychy, Poland.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the possibilities of municipal waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) utilization in the construction sector. MSWIBA development fits into the European Green Deal, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Circular Economy (CE). This manuscript describes current MSWIBA treatment such as solidification, ceramization, vitrification, chemical activation (NaOH, CaOH₂, NA₂SiO₃ + NaOH, Na₂CO₃ + NaOH, NH₄OH), acid treatment with diluted solutions (HCl, H₂SO₄), chemical stabilization (FeSO₄, PO₄^3-), chelation, etc. For the purpose of comparative research, MSWIBA before valorization, after valorization, and after NaOH pre-treatment was investigated. In terms of their physico-chemical properties, the tested samples were examined. Three kinds of MSWIBA were used as a substitute for 30% of cement in mortars. The mortars were tested for 28-day strength. Leachability tests were performed in acid, aggressive, alkali, and neutral water environments. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was carried out, which presented the environmental benefits of MSWIBA management in construction.

Keywords: European Green Deal; NaOH pre-treatment; circular economy; heavy metals immobilization; municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash; secondary waste.

Abstract

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