A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases

Youssouf Sereme; Moïse Michel; Soraya Mezouar; Cheick Oumar Guindo; Lanceï Kaba; Ghiles Grine; Thibault Mura; Jean-Louis Mège; Tu Anh Tran; Pierre Corbeau; Anne Filleron; Joana Vitte

doi:10.3390/jcm11102749

A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases

J Clin Med. 2022 May 12;11(10):2749. doi: 10.3390/jcm11102749.

Authors

Youssouf Sereme^{1

2}, Moïse Michel^{1

2

3}, Soraya Mezouar^{1

2}, Cheick Oumar Guindo^{1

2}, Lanceï Kaba^{1

4}, Ghiles Grine^{1

2

5}, Thibault Mura^{6

7}, Jean-Louis Mège^{1

2}, Tu Anh Tran^{8

9

10}, Pierre Corbeau^{3

10

11}, Anne Filleron^{8

9

10}, Joana Vitte^{1

2

10

12}

Affiliations

¹ IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France.
² IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France.
³ Immunology Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France.
⁴ IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France.
⁵ UFR Odontologie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France.
⁶ INSERM, University of Montpellier, U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, 34093 Montpellier, France.
⁷ Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie Clinique, Santé Publique Innovation et Méthodologie (BESPIM), Groupe Hospitalier Caremeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France.
⁸ Paediatrics Department, University Hospital Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France.
⁹ INSERM U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy, 34295 Montpellier, France.
¹⁰ Faculty de Medicine, Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France.
¹¹ CNRS UMR 9002, Institute of Human Genetics, 34090 Montpellier, France.
¹² IDESP, INSERM UMR UA11, Institut Desbrest d'Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IDESP) Campus Sante, 34093 Montpellier, France.

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Non-invasive methods for screening the neonatal immune status are lacking. Archaea, a prokaryotic life domain, comprise methanogenic species that are part of the neonatal human microbiota and contribute to early immune imprinting. However, they have not yet been characterized in preterm neonates. Objective: To characterize the gut immunological and methanogenic Archaeal (MA) signature in preterm neonates, using the presence or absence of atopic conditions at the age of one year as a clinical endpoint. Methods: Meconium and stool were collected from preterm neonates and used to develop a standardized stool preparation method for the assessment of mediators and cytokines and characterize the qPCR kinetics of gut MA. Analysis addressed the relationship between immunological biomarkers, Archaea abundance, and atopic disease at age one. Results: Immunoglobulin E, tryptase, calprotectin, EDN, cytokines, and MA were detectable in the meconium and later samples. Atopic conditions at age of one year were positively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and MA abundance. The latter was negatively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions: We report a non-invasive method for establishing a gut immunological and Archaeal signature in preterm neonates, predictive of atopic diseases at the age of one year.

Keywords: allergy; atopy; fecal mediator and cytokine; methanogenic Archaea; preterm birth.

Grants and funding

Y.S. is supported by a “Fondation Méditerranée Infection” doctoral position. S.M. was first supported by a “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” postdoctoral fellowship (SPF20151234951) and then by a “Fondation Méditerranée infection” postdoctoral fellowship. This work was supported by the French Government under the “Investissements d’avenir” (Investments for the Future) program managed by the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (reference: Méditerranée Infection 10-IAHU-03), by the Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and the European funding FEDER IHU PRIMMI, and the PHRC program for clinical research Primibiota.