Visible light driven antibiotics degradation using S-scheme Bi2WO6/CoIn2S4 heterojunction: Mechanism, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment

Abstract

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with strong redox ability and excellent photocatalytic activity are highly desired for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Herein, S-scheme Bi₂WO₆/CoIn₂S₄ heterojunctions were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The photo-induced carriers transfer mechanism of the S-scheme Bi₂WO₆/CoIn₂S₄ heterojunction was clarified by band structure analysis, ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer (UPS), electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical trapping experiments. Significant enhance of light absortion, and more efficient carriers separation were observed from the Bi₂WO₆/CoIn₂S₄ with CoIn₂S₄ nanoclusters growing on the surface of petal-like Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets. TC degradation efficiency of 90% was achieved by Bi₂WO₆/CoIn₂S₄ (15:1) within 3 h of irradiation, and ·O₂^-and ·OH radicals were dominated contributors. Possible decomposition pathways of TC were proposed, and ECOSAR analysis showed that most of the intermediates exhibited lower ecotoxicity than TC. This work provides reference on the constructing ternary-metal-sulfides-based S-scheme heterojunctions for improving photocatalytic performance.

Keywords: Antibiotic degradation; Bi(2)WO(6)/CoIn(2)S(4); Ecotoxicity assessment; Photocatalytic mechanism; S-scheme heterojunction.