Carry-Over of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites to Intestinal Tissues and the Expression of CYP1A1 and GSTπ1 in the Colon of Gilts before Puberty

Magdalena Mróz; Magdalena Gajęcka; Paweł Brzuzan; Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk; Dawid Leski; Łukasz Zielonka; Maciej T Gajęcki

doi:10.3390/toxins14050354

Carry-Over of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites to Intestinal Tissues and the Expression of CYP1A1 and GSTπ1 in the Colon of Gilts before Puberty

Toxins (Basel). 2022 May 18;14(5):354. doi: 10.3390/toxins14050354.

Authors

Magdalena Mróz¹, Magdalena Gajęcka¹, Paweł Brzuzan², Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk³, Dawid Leski⁴, Łukasz Zielonka¹, Maciej T Gajęcki¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
² Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
³ Independent Public Health Care Centre of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre in Olsztyn, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland.
⁴ Research and Development Department, Wipasz S.A., Wadąg 9, 10-373 Wadąg, Poland.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether low doses of zearalenone (ZEN) affect the carry-over of ZEN and its metabolites to intestinal tissues and the expression of CYP1A1 and GSTπ1 in the large intestine. Prepubertal gilts (with a BW of up to 14.5 kg) were exposed in group ZEN to daily ZEN5 doses of 5 μg/kg BW (n = 15); in group ZEN10, 10 μg/kg BW (n = 15); in group ZEN15, 15 μg/kg BW (n = 15); or were administered a placebo (group C, n = 15) throughout the experiment. After euthanasia, tissues were sampled on exposure days 7, 21, and 42 (D1, D2, and D3, respectively). The results confirmed that the administered ZEN doses (LOAEL, NOAEL, and MABEL) were appropriate to reliably assess the carry-over of ZEN. Based on the observations made during 42 days of exposure to pure ZEN, it can be hypothesized that all mycotoxins (ZEN, α-zearalenol, and β-zearalenol) contribute to a balance between intestinal cells and the expression of selected genes encoding enzymes that participate in biotransformation processes in the large intestine; modulate feminization processes in prepubertal gilts; and elicit flexible, adaptive responses of the macroorganism to mycotoxin exposure at the analyzed doses.

Keywords: CYP1A1 and GSTπ1; carry-over; intestines; low dose; prepubertal gilts; zearalenone.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Colon
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / genetics
Female
Intestines
Mycotoxins*
Sexual Maturation
Sus scrofa
Swine
Zearalenone* / toxicity

Substances

Mycotoxins
Zearalenone
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the “Healthy Animal-Safe Food” Scientific Consortium of the Leading National Research Centre (KNOW) pursuant to decision no. 05-1/KNOW2/2015 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. The project was financially supported by the Minister of Education and Science under the “Regional Initiative of Excellence” program for 2019–2022, project no. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding PLN 12 000 000.