Progress and Challenges in Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease

J Med Chem. 2022 Jun 9;65(11):7561-7580. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00303. Epub 2022 May 27.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The approval of vaccines and small-molecule antivirals is vital in combating the pandemic. The viral polymerase inhibitors remdesivir and molnupiravir and the viral main protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir/ritonavir have been approved by the U.S. FDA. However, the emergence of variants of concern/interest calls for additional antivirals with novel mechanisms of action. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) mediates the cleavage of viral polyprotein and modulates the host's innate immune response upon viral infection, rendering it a promising antiviral drug target. This Perspective highlights major achievements in structure-based design and high-throughput screening of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors since the beginning of the pandemic. Encouraging progress includes the design of non-covalent PLpro inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and the first-in-class covalent PLpro inhibitors. In addition, we offer our opinion on the knowledge gaps that need to be filled to advance PLpro inhibitors to the clinic.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
  • Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases
  • Humans
  • Pandemics*
  • Protease Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • SARS-CoV-2

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases
  • papain-like protease, SARS-CoV-2