Parasitological and immunological evaluation of a quinoline derivative salt incorporated into a polymeric micelle formulation against Leishmania infantum infection

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, which presents a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. In the present study, a quinoline derivative salt named N-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)prop-2-yn-1-aminium chloride or QDS3 was in vitro and in vivo tested against L. infantum by means of its incorporation in Poloxamer 407-based polymeric micelles (QDS3/M). The in vitro antileishmanial activity of QDS3 and QDS3/M was investigated in L. infantum promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and infected macrophages. BALB/c mice were infected with L. infantum, and parasitological parameters were evaluated 1 and 15 days post-treatment by determining the parasite load by a limiting dilution assay, besides a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Immunological response was assessed based on production of cellular cytokines, as well as by quantification of nitrite levels and specific antibodies. In vitro results showed that QDS3 free or in micelles presented effective antileishmanial action against both parasite stages, being more effective in amastigotes. In vivo data showed that treatment using QDS3 or QDS3/M reduced the parasite load in the livers, spleens, draining lymph nodes (dLN) and bone marrows of the treated animals, 1 and 15 days after treatment, when compared to values found in the control groups. Additionally, treated mice developed a polarized Th1-type immune response, with higher levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and nitrite, besides high production of specific IgG2a antibodies, when compared to the controls. Parasitological and immunological data obtained using the micellar composition were better than the others. In conclusion, QDS3, mainly when applied in a delivery adjuvant system, could be considered for future studies as therapeutic candidate against VL.

Keywords: BALB/c mice; Leishmania infantum; Micelles; QDS3; Quinoline derivative salts; Treatment; Visceral leishmaniasis.