Belief in a just world, perceived control, perceived risk, and hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a globally diverse sample

Gözde Kiral Ucar; Matthias Donat; Jonathan Bartholomaeus; Kendra Thomas; Sofya Nartova-Bochaver

doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03172-1

Belief in a just world, perceived control, perceived risk, and hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a globally diverse sample

Curr Psychol. 2022;41(12):8400-8409. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-03172-1. Epub 2022 May 19.

Authors

Gözde Kiral Ucar¹, Matthias Donat², Jonathan Bartholomaeus³, Kendra Thomas⁴, Sofya Nartova-Bochaver⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU), Çanakkale, Turkey.
² Department of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
³ School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
⁴ Hope College, Holland, MI USA.
⁵ Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to understand the complex relationships between belief in a just world (BJW), perceived control, perceived risk to self and others, and hopelessness among a globally diverse sample during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The just-world hypothesis suggests that people need to believe in a just world in which they get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Studies have shown that believing in a just world has an adaptive function for individuals. Samples from six countries completed an online questionnaire. A total of 1,250 people participated (934 female) and ages ranged from 16 to 84 years old (M = 36.3, SD = 15.5). The results showed that, when controlling for gender, age, country of residence, and being in a risk group for COVID-19 (e.g., smoker, old age, chronic disease etc.), a stronger personal and general BJW and higher perceived control over the COVID-19 pandemic predicted lower levels of hopelessness. How at-risk participants perceived themselves to be for COVID-19 positively predicted hopelessness, but how risky participants perceived the disease to be for others negatively predicted hopelessness. This study highlights how the distinction between self and others influences hopelessness and how BJW, especially personal BJW, can serve as a psychological resource during times of historic uncertainty.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03172-1.

Keywords: Belief in a just world; COVID-19; Hopelessness; Perceived control; Perceived risk.