Nickel and cadmium tissue bioaccumulation and blood parameters in Chelon auratus and Mugil cephalus from Anzali free zone in the south Caspian Sea (Iran) and Faro Lake (Italy): A comparative analysis

Shima Bakhshalizadeh; Adeleh Rostamzadeh Liyafoyi; Concetta Saoca; Giuseppe Piccione; Stefano Cecchini; Francesco Fazio

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126999

Nickel and cadmium tissue bioaccumulation and blood parameters in Chelon auratus and Mugil cephalus from Anzali free zone in the south Caspian Sea (Iran) and Faro Lake (Italy): A comparative analysis

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2022 Jul:72:126999. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126999. Epub 2022 May 16.

Authors

Shima Bakhshalizadeh¹, Adeleh Rostamzadeh Liyafoyi², Concetta Saoca³, Giuseppe Piccione³, Stefano Cecchini⁴, Francesco Fazio⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Marine Science, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
² Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
³ Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
⁴ Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
⁵ Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: ffazio@unime.it.

PMID: 35597100
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126999

Abstract

Background: Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in fish blood is a valuable tool in environmental pollution monitoring. Among different type of fish, detritivorous fish are a very good indicator for monitoring pollution and environmental stress, along with hematological studies, which are an important indicator in eco-toxicological and biological studies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environment on bioaccumulation of Ni and Cd and on blood parameters in Chelon auratus and Mugil cephalus (a detritivorous fish which is widely distributed in the world) captured in Caspian Sea and Faro Lake.

Methods: For the research blood and tissues samples were collected from 40 mullets (20 Mugil cephalus from Italy and 20 Chelon auratus from Iran) in 2019. The hematological (white blood cell, WBC; red blood cell, RBC; thrombocyte count, TC; hematocrit, Hct; hemoglobin concentration, Hb; mean corpuscular volume, MCV; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC) and biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, AST; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH and creatine phosphokinase, CPK were assessed.

Results: Although the concentration of Ni and Cd in the muscle of fish have no significant health risks and were low in both regions, the most elevated concentration was found in the liver of Caspian Sea mullet. In all cases, the results obtained for all biochemical and most hematological parameters of individual Faro Lake, were considerably lower than the Caspian Sea, demonstrating that habitats and environmental conditions affect the blood metabolites.

Conclusions: The results of this study show that these measurements can be used as criteria for the quantitative evaluation of fish /health and provide information on the extent of potential poisoning and the risks posed to the populations and fisheries.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; Cadmium; Caspian Sea; Faro Lake; Mugilidae; Nickel.

MeSH terms

Animals
Bioaccumulation
Cadmium / metabolism
Caspian Sea
Fishes / metabolism
Iran
Lakes
Nickel / metabolism
Polycarboxylate Cement
Smegmamorpha* / metabolism
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / metabolism

Substances

Polycarboxylate Cement
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Cadmium
Nickel
chelon