Objective: Older adults are susceptible to cognitive declines that may limit independence. Though neuropsychologists opine about risk of functional decline, the degree to which cognitive testing and in-office simulations approximate everyday behavior is unclear. We assessed the complementary utility of cognitive testing and the face-valid Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) to predict medication management among older adults.
Method: This was a retrospective study of 234 older adults (age = 72 ± 7.7 years; 59% women) who completed the MMAA during outpatient neuropsychological evaluations. Based on comprehensive clinical assessment, most participants (n = 186) were independent in medication management, while 48 received assistance. Demographically adjusted composite scores were derived for attention/processing speed (A/PS), executive functioning (EF), visuospatial/constructional ability (VC), language, and memory domains. Univariate differences in cognition were examined across Assisted versus Independent groups. Logistic regression assessed which cognitive domains independently predicted group status. The incremental value of the MMAA was assessed, holding uniquely associated cognitive test scores constant.
Results: Those receiving assistance with medication management performed worse across all neurocognitive domains and the MMAA compared with independent counterparts. EF was the only unique cognitive predictor of medication management status. When modeled alone, EF and MMAA performance correctly classified 79.5% and 80.8% of cases, respectively. When modeled together, both were independently associated with medication management status and correctly classified 83.3% of cases.
Conclusions: EF uniquely predicted medication management status beyond other cognitive domains. The MMAA provided complementary predictive utility. Concurrent interpretation of executive functioning and MMAA performance is advised when assessing older adults suspected of medication mismanagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).