PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

Viviana Simon; Vamsi Kota; Ryan F Bloomquist; Hannah B Hanley; David Forgacs; Savita Pahwa; Suresh Pallikkuth; Loren G Miller; Joanna Schaenman; Michael R Yeaman; David Manthei; Joshua Wolf; Aditya H Gaur; Jeremie H Estepp; Komal Srivastava; Juan Manuel Carreño; Frans Cuevas; PARIS/SPARTA Study Group,; Ali H Ellebedy; Aubree Gordon; Riccardo Valdez; Sarah Cobey; Elaine F Reed; Ravindra Kolhe; Paul G Thomas; Stacey Schultz-Cherry; Ted M Ross; Florian Krammer

doi:10.1128/msphere.00179-22

PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

mSphere. 2022 Jun 29;7(3):e0017922. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00179-22. Epub 2022 May 19.

Authors

Viviana Simon^{1

2

3

4

5}, Vamsi Kota⁶, Ryan F Bloomquist⁷, Hannah B Hanley⁸, David Forgacs⁸, Savita Pahwa⁹, Suresh Pallikkuth⁹, Loren G Miller^{10

11}, Joanna Schaenman¹⁰, Michael R Yeaman^{10

11}, David Manthei¹², Joshua Wolf¹³, Aditya H Gaur¹³, Jeremie H Estepp¹³, Komal Srivastava¹, Juan Manuel Carreño¹, Frans Cuevas¹; PARIS/SPARTA Study Group,; Ali H Ellebedy^{14

15

16}, Aubree Gordon¹², Riccardo Valdez¹⁷, Sarah Cobey¹⁸, Elaine F Reed¹⁹, Ravindra Kolhe^{20

6

7}, Paul G Thomas¹³, Stacey Schultz-Cherry¹³, Ted M Ross^{8

21}, Florian Krammer^{1

4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaigrid.59734.3c, New York, New York, USA.
² Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaigrid.59734.3c, New York, New York, USA.
³ The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaigrid.59734.3c, New York, New York, USA.
⁴ Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaigrid.59734.3c, New York, New York, USA.
⁵ Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinaigrid.59734.3c, New York, New York, USA.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta Universitygrid.410427.4, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
⁷ Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta Universitygrid.410427.4, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
⁸ Center for Vaccine and Immunology, University of Georgiagrid.213876.9, Athens, Georgia, USA.
⁹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAgrid.471398.0, Los Angeles, California, USA.
¹¹ Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
¹² Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹³ Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹⁵ Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹⁶ Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAgrid.471398.0, Los Angeles, California, USA.
²⁰ Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta Universitygrid.410427.4, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
²¹ Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgiagrid.213876.9, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Abstract

To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; cohort study; reinfection.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19*
Humans
Reinfection
SARS-CoV-2*
Seroepidemiologic Studies

Substances

COVID-19 Vaccines

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding