Introduction: Trypanosomosis is an important disease of dromedary camels caused by the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma evansi. This study aimed to compare three different tests for its diagnosis in this species: conventional microscopy, the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis/T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) and real-time PCR.
Material and methods: Whole blood and serum samples collected from 77 dromedary camels of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, were analysed with the test methods stated. Statistical analysis was done using McNemar's chi-squared test, and Cohen's kappa index (κ) was calculated.
Results: We obtained results with positivity of 18% (14/77) by microscopy, 22% by CATT (17/77) and 60% (46/77) by real-time PCR, with the chain reaction detecting at a respectively three- and two-fold greater rate than the other techniques. Analysis of the data revealed a relative sensitivity of 30.4% and 37.0% for microscopy and CATT, respectively, compared to real-time PCR. The difference between the real-time PCR's sensitivity and those of the other methods was statistically significant, with X2 values of 30.03 and 20.1, respectively (df = 1 and P = 0.05 in both cases). Agreement of microscopy results with those of with CATT was good (κ = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.62-0.82). Cohen's kappa index showed fair agreement of real-time PCR with microscopy (κ = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.16-0.36) whereas it was in poor agreement with CATT (κ = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.02-0.15).
Conclusion: Real-time PCR was found to be more sensitive than microscopy and CATT.
Keywords: diagnosis; dromedary camels; microscopy; real-time PCR; trypanosomosis.
© 2022 S. Habeeba et al., published by Sciendo.