Intracrine androgen biosynthesis and drug resistance

Trevor M Penning; Irfan A Asangani; Cynthia Sprenger; Stephen Plymate

doi:10.20517/cdr.2020.60

Intracrine androgen biosynthesis and drug resistance

Cancer Drug Resist. 2020 Nov 3;3(4):912-929. doi: 10.20517/cdr.2020.60. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Trevor M Penning¹, Irfan A Asangani², Cynthia Sprenger³, Stephen Plymate^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
² Department Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
³ Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
⁴ Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.

Abstract

Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the lethal form of prostate cancer and most commonly remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Current therapies use AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI) exemplified by abiraterone acetate, a P450c17 inhibitor, and enzalutamide, a potent AR antagonist. However, drug resistance to these agents occurs within 12-18 months and they only prolong overall survival by 3-4 months. Multiple mechanisms can contribute to ARSI drug resistance. These mechanisms can include but are not limited to germline mutations in the AR, post-transcriptional alterations in AR structure, and adaptive expression of genes involved in the intracrine biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens within the tumor. This review focuses on intracrine androgen biosynthesis, how this can contribute to ARSI drug resistance, and therapeutic strategies that can be used to surmount these resistance mechanisms.

Keywords: Prostate cancer; abiraterone acetate; aldo-keto reductase 1C3; androgen biosynthesis; enzalutamide.

Publication types

Review