In vitro biocompatibility testing of 3D printing and conventional resins for occlusal devices

Julia Guerrero-Gironés; Sergio López-García; Miguel R Pecci-Lloret; María P Pecci-Lloret; Francisco Javier Rodríguez Lozano; David García-Bernal

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104163

In vitro biocompatibility testing of 3D printing and conventional resins for occlusal devices

J Dent. 2022 Aug:123:104163. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104163. Epub 2022 May 14.

Authors

Julia Guerrero-Gironés¹, Sergio López-García², Miguel R Pecci-Lloret¹, María P Pecci-Lloret³, Francisco Javier Rodríguez Lozano¹, David García-Bernal²

Affiliations

¹ Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 2nd floor., Av. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia 30100, Spain.
² Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia 30120 , Spain.
³ Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 2nd floor., Av. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia 30100, Spain. Electronic address: mariapilar.pecci@um.es.

PMID: 35577252
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104163

Abstract

Objective: To assess and compare the in vitro biocompatibility of new resins (Keysplint Soft (Keystone Industries), NextDent Ortho Rigid (3D System), and Freeprint Splint (Detax)) and traditional resins (Orthocryl (Dentaurum)) used for dental splints.

Methods: Standardized discs (n = 40) and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 extracts of the tested materials were prepared. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were isolated from gingival tissues. Different biological tests were carried out, including MTT assays to assess cell metabolic activity, cell migration assays, cell cytoskeleton staining, cell apoptosis, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05).

Results: MTT experiments showed that Freeprint Splint significantly reduces the hGF metabolic activity (***p<0.001), whereas SEM analysis showed almost no cells adhered on its surface. Cell migration was significantly lower after exposure to undiluted extracts of Freeprint Splint at 48 and 72 h (***p<0.001). Cell cytoskeleton staining assays showed fewer attached cells in 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions of Freeprint Splint. Annexin-V and 7-AAD staining assays showed that only cells exposed to Keysplint Soft extracts displayed similar cell viability to the control group. Finally, ROS levels detected in undiluted extracts of all resins were significantly enhanced compared to the control group (***p<0.001).

Conclusions: The 3D-printed resins and the conventional dental resin showed a similar biocompatibility, except for Freeprint Splint, which was the most cytotoxic on hGFs.

Clinical significance: 3D printing has been on the rise in recent years and its use in daily clinical practice is expanding over time. Two of the three 3D-printed resins tested in this study performed as well in the cytotoxicity tests as the conventional one, supporting their use, but caution and further testing are required.

Keywords: 3D printing; Biocompatibility; Bruxism; Cytotoxicity; Dental resins; Occlusal devices.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Humans
In Vitro Techniques
Materials Testing
Printing, Three-Dimensional*
Reactive Oxygen Species
Splints*

Substances

Reactive Oxygen Species