A teleneurology hospitalist model aims to address the demand for high-quality neurologic acute care and the shortage of neurologists. Here, we review concepts and models of teleneurology services to address access and care gaps in neurology beyond telestroke models. The goal of these emergent teleservices is to empower community hospitals to deliver the highest quality care, while also reducing unnecessary patient transfers to tertiary care hospitals. We highlight the clinical models, patient populations, and innovative approaches of different tele-neurohospitalist services. This includes challenges related to clinical limitations, legal issues, and reimbursement. We highlight specific areas of research that can further clarify and refine the appropriate use, cost-effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of these telemedicine-based care models.
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