Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Newborn Birth Weights

Jing Lin; Cheng Wang; Sisi Li; Jie Zhang; Lei Jin; Mingkun Tong; Wenying Meng; Aiguo Ren; Lei Chen; Lei Jin

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.844404

Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Newborn Birth Weights

Front Pediatr. 2022 Apr 28:10:844404. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.844404. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Jing Lin^{1

2}, Cheng Wang^{3

4}, Sisi Li^{3

4}, Jie Zhang^{3

4}, Lei Jin⁵, Mingkun Tong^{3

4}, Wenying Meng⁵, Aiguo Ren^{3

4}, Lei Chen^{1

2}, Lei Jin^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
² The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
³ Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
⁵ Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: The relationship between maternal folic acid supplementation and the birth weights of offspring remains inconclusive.

Aim: To examine the associations between maternal supplementation with folic acid only (FAO) or multiple micronutrients containing folic acid (MMFA) and newborn birth weights, as well as the risk of small for gestational week age (SGA) and large for gestational week age (LGA) newborns.

Methods: Data on 31,107 births from 2015 to 2018 were extracted from the population-based prenatal health care system in a district of Beijing. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation and birth weights or with risk of small for gestational week age (SGA) and large for gestational week age (LGA).

Results: Compared with newborns whose mothers did not use any folic acid supplements, the newborns with maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation had similar median birth weight but had a lower risk of SGA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.97)], however newborns born to mothers who took multiple micronutrients with folic acid (MMFA) with high compliance had a 25.59 g (95% CI: 6.49-44.69) higher median birth weight. Periconceptional women took folic acid only (FAO) (aOR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.67-1.01) or MMFA (aOR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.60-0.91) with high compliance decreased the risk of SGA, but has no impact on the risk of LGA.

Conclusion: Periconceptional FAO supplementation has no impact on the median birth weight of offspring and the risk of LGA. Compared with FAO, MMFA supplementation may increase the average birth weight, and a high compliance of supplementation with FAO or MMFA may reduce the risk of SGA, with MMFA having ad stronger effect than FAO.

Keywords: birth weight; folic acid; large-for-gestational-age; micronutrients; pregnancy; small-for-gestational-age; vitamin.