Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite

Rabindran Jermy Balasamy; Vijaya Ravinayagam; Munther Alomari; Mohammad Azam Ansari; Sarah Ameen Almofty; Suriya Rehman; Hatim Dafalla; Palanivel Rubavathi Marimuthu; Sultan Akhtar; Mohammad Al Hamad

doi:10.1039/c9ra07461a

Cisplatin delivery, anticancer and antibacterial properties of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite

RSC Adv. 2019 Dec 20;9(72):42395-42408. doi: 10.1039/c9ra07461a. eCollection 2019 Dec 18.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia rjermy@iau.edu.sa +966 3330881.
² Deanship of Scientific Research, Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia vrnayagam@iau.edu.sa.
³ Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P. O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia.
⁵ College of Engineering Research (CER), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Post Box No. 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P. O. Box. 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Post Box No. 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Nanoformulation involving biocompatible MOFs and magnetic nanocarriers is an emerging multifunctional platform for drug delivery and tumor imaging in targeted cancer therapeutics. In this study, a nanocomposite has been developed comprising Fe/SBA-16 and ZIF-8 (Fe/S-16/ZIF-8) through ultrasonication. The drug delivery of cisplatin was studied using an automated diffusion cell system equipped with a flow type Franz cell. The anticancer activity of Fe/S-16/ZIF-8 was studied in vitro in MCF-7, HeLa cells and Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF-1) cells. XRD and d-spacing measurements of Fe/S-16/ZIF-8 using TEM revealed the presence of cubic-structured Fe₃O₄, γ-Fe₂O₄ (magnetite), and α-FeOOH (goethite) over an SBA-16/ZIF-8 nanocomposite. The composite showed a surface area of 365 m² g^-1, a pore size of 8.3 nm and a pore volume of 0.33 cm³ g^-1. VSM analysis of Fe/S-16/ZIF-8 showed that it possessed paramagnetic behavior with a saturated magnetization value of 2.39 emu g^-1. The Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ coordination environment was characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The cisplatin drug delivery study clearly showed the synergistic effects present in Fe/S-16/ZIF-8 with over 75% of cisplatin release as compared to that of Fe/S-16 and ZIF-8, which showed 56% and 7.5%, respectively. The morphology analysis of CP/Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 using TEM showed an effective transit of nanoparticles into MCF-7 cells. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 for MCF-7 and HeLa cells is 0.119 mg mL^-1 and 0.028 mg mL^-1 at 24 h, respectively. For HFF-1 cells, the LC₅₀ is 0.016 mg mL^-1. The antibiofilm activity of Fe/SBA-16/ZIF-8 was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of drug resistant P. aeruginosa and MRSA by a microtiter tissue culture plate assay. Overall, nanosized ZIF-8 with a bioactive alkaloid imidazole inside the 3D cage type of SBA-16 pores is found to exhibit both anticancer and antibacterial properties. A Fe/S-16/ZIF-8 composite could be effectively used as a drug and drug delivery system against cancer and promote antibacterial activity.