Reward Dependence-Moderated Noradrenergic and Hormonal Responses During Noncompetitive and Competitive Physical Activities

Zsófia Nagy; István Karsai; Tamás Nagy; Emese Kátai; Attila Miseta; Gábor Fazekas; András Láng; Ferenc Kocsor; János Kállai

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.763220

Reward Dependence-Moderated Noradrenergic and Hormonal Responses During Noncompetitive and Competitive Physical Activities

Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Apr 26:16:763220. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.763220. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Zsófia Nagy^{1

2}, István Karsai³, Tamás Nagy¹, Emese Kátai¹, Attila Miseta¹, Gábor Fazekas⁴, András Láng⁵, Ferenc Kocsor⁵, János Kállai⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
² Sport and Medicine Research Group, Regenerative Science, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
³ Sports and Physical Education Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
⁴ Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
⁵ Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
⁶ Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal whether increased reward dependence (RD) plays a role in the catecholamine neurotransmitter release and testosterone hormone regulation during physical activities among healthy trained participants. Twenty-two male participants (mean age: 40.27 ± 5.4 years) participated in this study. Two conditions were constructed, namely, a noncompetitive and a competitive running task (RT), which were separated by a 2-week interval. Urine and blood samples were collected prior to and following the running tasks. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine (D), and their metabolites, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were measured from urine, while testosterone levels were analyzed from blood samples. RD was assessed using the Cloninger's Personality Inventory (PI). Mental health was evaluated using the WHO Well-Being, Beck Depression, and Perceived Life Stress Questionnaires. According to our findings, levels of NA, A, D, VMA, and testosterone released underwent an increase following physical exertion, independently from the competitive condition of the RT, while HVA levels experienced a decrease. However, we found that testosterone levels showed a significantly lower tendency to elevate in the competitive RT, compared with the noncompetitive condition (p = 0.02). In contrast, HVA values were higher in the competitive compared with the noncompetitive condition (p = 0.031), both before and after the exercise. Considering the factor RD, in noncompetitive RT, its higher values were associated with elevated NA levels (p = 0.007); however, this correlation could not be detected during the competitive condition (p = 0.233). Among male runners, the NA and testosterone levels could be predicted to the degree of RD by analyzing competitive and noncompetitive physical exercises.

Keywords: beep running test; competitive condition; neuroendocrinological response; reward dependence; temperament and character inventory - revised (TCI-R).