How chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum) 'Palisade White' deals with long-term salt stress

Hanna Bandurska; Włodzimierz Breś; Agnieszka Tomczyk; Małgorzata Zielezińska; Klaudia Borowiak

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plac015

How chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum) 'Palisade White' deals with long-term salt stress

AoB Plants. 2022 Apr 2;14(3):plac015. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plac015. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Authors

Hanna Bandurska¹, Włodzimierz Breś², Agnieszka Tomczyk², Małgorzata Zielezińska¹, Klaudia Borowiak³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
² Department of Plant Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Zgorzelecka 4, 60-198 Poznań, Poland.
³ Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.

Abstract

Salinity is a serious problem in the cultivation of ornamental plants. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum) 'Palisade White' was evaluated in order to examine its responses to long-term salt stress. Plants were grown in substrate supplemented with NaCl doses (g dm^-3 of substrate) 0, 0.44, 0.96, 1.47, 1.98, 2.48 and 2.99. The initial electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrates was 0.3, 0.9, 1.4, 1.9, 2.6, 3.1 and 3.9 dS m^-1, respectively. Plant growth, relative water content (RWC), Na, Cl, K, N and P concentrations, membrane injury (MI), chlorophyll and proline levels, as well as gas exchange parameters in leaves of chrysanthemum were determined. A dose-dependent significant reduction of growth and minor decrease of leaf RWC were observed. Foliar Na and Cl concentrations increased with the highest NaCl dose up to 6-fold. However, the concentration of K increased by about 14 %, N by about 5 % but P decreased by about 23 %. Membrane injury was rather low (11 %) even at the highest NaCl dose. Statistically significant decreases of stomatal conductance (20 %), transpiration rate (32 %) and photosynthesis (25 %) were already observed at the lowest NaCl dose and about 40 % decrease of all these parameters with the highest dose. A significant reduction in the intercellular CO₂ concentration occurred at the lower NaCl doses and no changes with the highest dose. These results show that in plants grown with the highest NaCl dose, non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis may occur. According to Maas and Hoffman tolerance assessment (1977) chrysanthemum 'Palisade White' may be considered as moderately sensitive to salt stress in terms of growth inhibition. However, it is able to cope with long-term salt stress without any signs of damage, such as chlorophyll depletion, leaf browning or necrotic spots probably due to maintenance of K homeostasis and proline accumulation, which alleviate the toxic effect of chloride.

Keywords: Chloroplast pigments; growth; membrane injury; photosynthesis; potassium; proline.