Uremic Toxin-Producing Bacteroides Species Prevail in the Gut Microbiota of Taiwanese CKD Patients: An Analysis Using the New Taiwan Microbiome Baseline

Subhashree Shivani; Cheng-Yen Kao; Amrita Chattopadhyay; Jenn-Wei Chen; Liang-Chuan Lai; Wei-Hung Lin; Tzu-Pin Lu; I-Hsiu Huang; Mong-Hsun Tsai; Ching-Hao Teng; Jiunn-Jong Wu; Yi-Hsien Hsieh; Ming-Cheng Wang; Eric Y Chuang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.726256

Uremic Toxin-Producing Bacteroides Species Prevail in the Gut Microbiota of Taiwanese CKD Patients: An Analysis Using the New Taiwan Microbiome Baseline

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Apr 26:12:726256. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.726256. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Subhashree Shivani¹, Cheng-Yen Kao², Amrita Chattopadhyay³, Jenn-Wei Chen⁴, Liang-Chuan Lai^{5

6}, Wei-Hung Lin⁷, Tzu-Pin Lu^{6

8}, I-Hsiu Huang⁹, Mong-Hsun Tsai^{6

10}, Ching-Hao Teng¹¹, Jiunn-Jong Wu¹², Yi-Hsien Hsieh¹³, Ming-Cheng Wang⁷, Eric Y Chuang^{1

6

14}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Center for Translational Genomic Research, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
⁵ Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁶ Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
⁸ Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁹ Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States.
¹⁰ Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹¹ Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
¹² Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹³ Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
¹⁴ Master Program for Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Abstract

Rationale and objective: Gut microbiota have been targeted by alternative therapies for non-communicable diseases. We examined the gut microbiota of a healthy Taiwanese population, identified various bacterial drivers in different demographics, and compared them with dialysis patients to associate kidney disease progression with changes in gut microbiota.

Study design: This was a cross-sectional cohort study.

Settings and participants: Fecal samples were obtained from 119 healthy Taiwanese volunteers, and 16S rRNA sequencing was done on the V3-V4 regions to identify the bacterial enterotypes. Twenty-six samples from the above cohort were compared with fecal samples from 22 peritoneal dialysis and 16 hemodialysis patients to identify species-level bacterial biomarkers in the dysbiotic gut of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Results: Specific bacterial species were identified pertaining to different demographics such as gender, age, BMI, physical activity, and sleeping habits. Dialysis patients had a significant difference in gut microbiome composition compared to healthy controls. The most abundant genus identified in CKD patients was Bacteroides, and at the species level hemodialysis patients showed significant abundance in B. ovatus, B. caccae, B. uniformis, and peritoneal dialysis patients showed higher abundance in Blautia producta (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group. Pathways pertaining to the production of uremic toxins were enriched in CKD patients. The abundance of the bacterial species depended on the type of dialysis treatment.

Conclusion: This study characterizes the healthy gut microbiome of a Taiwanese population in terms of various demographics. In a case-control examination, the results showed the alteration in gut microbiota in CKD patients corresponding to different dialysis treatments. Also, this study identified the bacterial species abundant in CKD patients and their possible role in complicating the patients' condition.

Keywords: Taiwan; chronic kidney disease; dysbiosis; gut microbiota; hemodialysis; peritoneal dialysis; uremic toxin.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bacteria / genetics
Bacteria / metabolism
Bacteroides / genetics
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dysbiosis / microbiology
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Humans
Male
Microbiota*
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / microbiology
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / therapy
Taiwan
Toxins, Biological*
Uremic Toxins

Substances

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Toxins, Biological
Uremic Toxins