Diet and miRNA: Epigenetic Regulator or a New Class of Supplements?

Abstract

It is well recognized that diet components are important genomic regulators considering that food intake influences cytokines such as leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and NPY, which regulate gene expression in response to different nutritional programs, particularly regarding the caloric balance. However, the single nutrients, both the macro-nutrients, the fatty acids, and above all the micronutrients, show an essential capacity also for epigenetic regulation; in this sense, vitamins and their derivatives polyphenols are the main actors.

Keywords: epigenetic; miRNA; milk; nutrimirnomics; nutrition; nutritional supplement.