Genetic improvement of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) genotypes by developing short duration hybrids

Sammyia Jannat; Mahmood Ul Hassan; Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah; Asad Hussain Shah; Anila Fariq; Suman Mehmood; Abdul Qayyum; Amal F Gharib; Ahmad El Askary

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.032

Genetic improvement of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) genotypes by developing short duration hybrids

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr;29(4):3033-3039. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.032. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

Authors

Sammyia Jannat^{1

2}, Mahmood Ul Hassan¹, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah¹, Asad Hussain Shah², Anila Fariq², Suman Mehmood², Abdul Qayyum³, Amal F Gharib⁴, Ahmad El Askary⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan.
² Department of Biotechnology, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli, AJK 11100, Pakistan.
³ Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Peanut, the only cash crop of rainfed areas of Pakistan, is facing immense challenges due to global warming. Climatic factors particularly the temperature fluctuations and rain pattern shift significantly impact the production and yield of peanut and unavailability of resilient varieties exacerbate this impact. To deal with the cropping pattern change and yield losses, due to climate vagaries, a study was conducted to develop early maturing hybrids using line into tester mating design. The F₁ hybrids from the parental lines were produced in the year 2018 using Line × Tester mating design and then grown in the field in the year 2019 for further evaluation. The hybrids were evaluated based on the early maturity and yield-related attributes in comparison with the parental lines. Based on the general combining ability estimate, line V-3 (Golden), was found as best parent with highly significant values for plant height, days to peg formation, days to maturity, number of pegs per plant, number of pods per plants, number of seeds per plant, 100 pod weight 100 seed weight. Similarly, tester V-7 (PI 635006 01 SD) showed highly significant results of GCA for days to germination, day to 50% flowering, plant height, days to peg formation, days to maturity, number of pegs per plant, number of pods per plants, number of seeds per plant, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage. All the combinations were evaluated for specific combining ability and significant results were observed for V-3 × V-4 (Golden × PI 619175 01 SD) and V-1 × V-6 (BARI-2000 × PI 564846 01 SD) by developing or maturity and yield-related attributes. The hybrid combinations V-3 × V-5 (Golden × PI 635006 01 SD) followed by V-3 × V-6 showed highly significant results for mid parent heterosis and better parent heterosis for days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to peg formation, number of pegs, days to maturity, number of mature seeds per plant, shelling ratio, 100 pod weight and 100 kernel weight. These parents and hybrid combinations with early maturity genes and high yield attributes can further be used for the development of short duration variety.

Keywords: Combining ability; Cropping pattern; Heterosis; Line × Tester; Resilient variety.