In this paper, we focus on the main concepts of rough set theory induced from the idea of neighborhoods. First, we put forward new types of maximal neighborhoods (briefly, -neighborhoods) and explore master properties. We also reveal their relationships with foregoing neighborhoods and specify the sufficient conditions to obtain some equivalences. Then, we apply -neighborhoods to define -lower and -upper approximations and elucidate which one of Pawlak's properties are preserved (evaporated) by these approximations. Moreover, we research -accuracy measures and prove that they keep the monotonic property under any arbitrary relation. We provide some comparisons that illustrate the best approximations and accuracy measures are obtained when . To show the importance of -neighborhoods, we present a medical application of them in classifying individuals of a specific facility in terms of their infection with COVID-19. Finally, we scrutinize the strengths and limitations of the followed technique in this manuscript compared with the previous ones.
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