Automated Dispensing Cabinet Overrides-An Evaluation of Necessity in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Abstract

Objective: Automated dispensing cabinets, or ADCs, are often used at health care facilities to aid in the medication-use process. Although ADCs minimize certain medication errors, they introduce a new type of error involving overrides. Although helpful when used appropriately in emergencies, overrides bypass pharmacist verification and increase potential for patient harm through drug-drug interactions, medication allergies, inappropriate dosing, and more. The purpose of this study was to evaluate automated dispensing cabinets override pulls in a pediatric hospital's emergency department. The authors sought to discover whether overridden medications were being administered before verification (indicating it was needed emergently, thus justifying override) or after verification (indicating the override did not result in quicker administration and/or the medication was not emergent).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. Data were collected from electronic health record reports from a 343-bed pediatric hospital's emergency department from October 13, 2019, to December 22, 2019.

Results: A total of 445 override pulls were identified during this time, and after data analysis, 99 override pulls remained in the data set. Overall, time from input of prescription into the electronic medical record to medication override was approximately 4 minutes. Pharmacist verification also took a median of four minutes after prescription input. However, administration took twice as long, at 8 minutes. On average, pharmacist verification occurred 4 minutes before medication administration.

Conclusion: This research from a pediatric emergency department suggests that most situations did not require an immediate administration, and perhaps an override was unnecessary and could have been avoided.

Keywords: Automated dispensing cabinet; Override; Pharmacist verification.