Factors contributing to filicide-suicide: Differences between male and female perpetrators

Abstract

Background: One-quarter of homicide-suicide deaths in the U.S. are children. Filicide-suicide, a subset of homicide-suicide involving parent or caregiver perpetrators, is the most common form of homicide-suicide involving children. While these incidents have significant impacts, relatively few studies examine modifiable factors that contribute to these incidents.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of circumstances and contributing factors for filicide-suicide deaths, focusing on the individual and interpersonal differences between male and female perpetrators.

Participants: This study utilized data from the National Violent Deaths Reporting System (NVDRS), which included 76 filicide-suicide incidents reported to NVDRS in 32 U.S. states between 2013 and 2015.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative content analysis, which was grounded in the Marzuk, Tardiff, and Hirsch (1992) framework. We reviewed the filicide-suicide narratives and engaged in conversations about codes or themes that emerged for the filicide-suicide narratives. Additional codes were added as needed, and narratives were retroactively coded to ensure codes were consistently applied.

Results: Relationship conflict and mental health issues were common among male and female perpetrators, but the manifestation of these factors differed greatly. For female perpetrators, relationship conflict, mental health issues, and children's chronic health issues commonly co-occurred. In contrast, relationship conflict, history of violence, and consequences of violence (e.g., legal issues, job problems) more commonly co-occurred among male perpetrators.

Conclusion: Filicide-suicides are preventable acts of violence with numerous contributing factors. Our findings highlight the need for prevention efforts to recognize interpersonal experiences, particularly differences between male and female perpetrators.

Keywords: Child homicide; Content analysis; Filicide-suicide; Gender norms; Homicide-suicide; Qualitative methods.