One-step fabrication of nanosized LiFePO4/expanded graphite composites with a particle growth inhibitor and enhanced electrochemical performance of aqueous Li-ion capacitors

Shixian Lv; Xugang Zhang; Pengxue Zhang; Junyu Xiang; Yawen Li; Shen Qiu; Chuanli Qin

doi:10.1039/c9ra02248a

One-step fabrication of nanosized LiFePO₄/expanded graphite composites with a particle growth inhibitor and enhanced electrochemical performance of aqueous Li-ion capacitors

RSC Adv. 2019 May 10;9(25):14407-14416. doi: 10.1039/c9ra02248a. eCollection 2019 May 7.

Authors

Shixian Lv^{1

2}, Xugang Zhang³, Pengxue Zhang^{1

2}, Junyu Xiang^{1

2}, Yawen Li^{1

2}, Shen Qiu^{1

2}, Chuanli Qin^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150080 PR China qinchuanli@hlju.edu.cn.
² School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China.
³ Department of Adhesives, Heilongjiang Institute of Petrochemistry Harbin 150040 China.

Abstract

It is reported that olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LFP) for Li-ion batteries is one of the most widely utilized cathode materials, but its high-power applications are limited due to its intrinsically poor ion transfer rate and conductivity. Therefore, it is highly desired to fabricate LFP Li-ion capacitors (LICs) with high power performance and excellent cyclic reversibility, especially in safe, low cost and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolytes. Here, we fabricate LFP/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposites by a one-step process, in which polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used as the particle growth inhibitor combined with vacuum infiltration of the LFP precursor into EG as a conductive sub-phase, and further investigate their high-power performance in aqueous LICs. Embedding spherical LFP nanoparticles with well-controlled size and agglomeration into the pores of EG and wrapping LFP nanoparticles by EG films contribute to the rapid electron and ion diffusion in LFP/EG composites, resulting in excellent cyclic reversibility and rate performance of LFP/EG composites. The aqueous LFP/EG//active carbon (AC) LICs were assembled in LiNO₃ electrolytes with LFP/EG composites and AC as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The optimal LIC shows a power density of 2367.9 W kg^-1 at an energy density of 6.5 W h kg^-1, dramatically favorable rate characteristics and excellent cycle life with 82.1% capacitance retention of its primary capacitance at 2 A g^-1 after 6000 cycles, markedly higher than those of the commercial LFP LIC. The presented aqueous LFP/EG//AC LICs with excellent electrochemical performance are expected to have broad high-power appliances that are cost-sensitive and highly secure.