Ethnopharmacological Study of the Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia in the West Region of Cameroon

Natacha Lena Yembeau; Prosper Cabral Biapa Nya; Constant Anatole Pieme; Kevin Dedjam Tchouane; Christian Bernard Kengne Fotsing; Prudence Josela Nya Nkwikeu; Alfloditte Flore Feudjio; Phelix Bruno Telefo

doi:10.1155/2022/5098428

Ethnopharmacological Study of the Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia in the West Region of Cameroon

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Apr 26:2022:5098428. doi: 10.1155/2022/5098428. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Natacha Lena Yembeau¹, Prosper Cabral Biapa Nya¹, Constant Anatole Pieme², Kevin Dedjam Tchouane², Christian Bernard Kengne Fotsing¹, Prudence Josela Nya Nkwikeu², Alfloditte Flore Feudjio², Phelix Bruno Telefo¹

Affiliations

¹ Research Unit of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
² Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, P. O Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) or sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality in Africa and other developing nations. Therefore, modern and traditional remedies are being introduced for use in the treatment and management of this disease. This is because safe, effective, and inexpensive therapeutic agents are urgently needed for the treatment of this disease in Africa and other developing nations.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify medicinal plant species commonly used by traditional healers in the treatment of sickle cell patients across some localities in the west region of Cameroon. Material and Methods. The ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in several districts within some localities of the western region of Cameroon. The survey was based on a semistructured questionnaire that was administered to 17 traditional healers and 62 sickle cell patients. It took place between November 2018 and March 2019. Personal information of participants and plant therapy data were gathered. Plants were identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon. Literature review determined pharmacological effects and phytochemical compounds of the identified plants. Data were generally analysed using Epi Info 7 software for Windows.

Results: Twelve medicinal plant species belonging to 10 families are being used in the treatment of sickle cell anemia across the study sites. Euphorbiaceae is the dominant family with three plant species. Bark (39.3%) and seeds (35.7%) are the most used plant parts, which get administered through maceration, decoction, and chewing in water. According to the literature review, the identified plants have pharmacological effects and phytochemical compounds (especially polyphenols and alkaloids) that signify the presence of antioxidant compounds, which may possess an antisickling activity. There is therefore a need to conduct another study to scientifically validate (in vitro) antisickling properties of these plants.

Conclusion: This study has revealed promising medicinal plants that are currently applied in the traditional treatment of sickle cell anemia. Although still inconclusive, the association of pharmacological effects and phytochemical compounds with these medicinal plants justifies their use in traditional pharmacopoeia.