Poly(l-lactic acid)/polyaniline/p-toluene sulfonic acid composites (PLLA/PANI/TSA) were synthesized via an emulsion polymerization-composition method with TSA as the dopant for PANI, and the structures and properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Conductive fiber tubes of PLLA/PANI/TSA were fabricated using electrospinning-knitting technology, and the effects of electrical stimulation on the growth and proliferation of osteoblast cells over the fiber tubes were investigated. The polymerization of PANI and the preparation of the PLLA/PANI/TSA composites were carried out via a one-step emulsion polymerization-composition or two-step method, where the reaction time of the two-step method was shorter and its yield higher than that of the one-step method. The addition of TSA improved the electrical conductivity of the PLLA/PANI composite and promoted chain propagation in the emulsion polymerization of the aniline oligomers and increased the degree of PANI polymerization. The PLLA/PANI/TSA fiber tubes obtained by electrospinning possessed regular morphologies and hydrophilic properties. Osteoblast cells grew and proliferated strongly with the PLLA/PANI/TSA fiber mats as a tissue scaffold and the electrical concentrating material under the condition of electrical stimulation of rectangular wave pulse signals with the appropriate stimulation current.
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