Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease

Retu Haikonen; Olli Kärkkäinen; Ville Koistinen; Kati Hanhineva

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004

Diet- and microbiota-related metabolite, 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), in health and disease

Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul;33(7):463-480. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 May 2.

Authors

Retu Haikonen¹, Olli Kärkkäinen², Ville Koistinen³, Kati Hanhineva⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: retu.haikonen@uef.fi.
² School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
³ Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
⁴ Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

PMID: 35508517
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.004

Abstract

5-Aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) is a trimethylated compound associated with the gut microbiota, potentially produced endogenously, and related to the dietary intake of certain foods such as whole grains. 5-AVAB accumulates within the metabolically active tissues and has been typically found in higher concentrations in the heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, 5-AVAB has been associated with positive health effects such as fetal brain development, insulin secretion, and reduced cancer risk. However, it also has been linked with some negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. At the cellular level, 5-AVAB can influence cellular energy metabolism by reducing β-oxidation of fatty acids. This review will focus on the metabolic role of 5-AVAB with respect to both physiology and pathology. Moreover, the analytics and origin of 5-AVAB and related compounds will be reviewed.

Keywords: 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB); N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate (TMAV); N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA); aminovaleric acid betaine; δ-valerobetaine (δVB).

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Amino Acids, Neutral*
Betaine / metabolism
Diet
Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Humans

Substances

Amino Acids, Neutral
Betaine
5-aminovaleric acid