The Negative Impact of Cancer Cell Nitric Oxide on Photodynamic Therapy

Jonathan M Fahey; Albert W Girotti

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2

The Negative Impact of Cancer Cell Nitric Oxide on Photodynamic Therapy

Methods Mol Biol. 2022:2451:21-31. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2.

Authors

Jonathan M Fahey¹, Albert W Girotti²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
² Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. agirotti@mcw.edu.

PMID: 35505007
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2

Abstract

Numerous studies have shown that low-flux nitric oxide (NO) in tumors produced mainly by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) can signal for angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of cell growth, migration, and invasion. Studies in the authors' laboratory have revealed that iNOS-derived NO in various cancer cell types elicits resistance to cytotoxic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and moreover endows PDT-surviving cells with more aggressive proliferation and migration/invasion. In this chapter, we describe how cancer cell iNOS/NO in vitro can be monitored in different PDT model systems (e.g., a targeted cell-bystander cell model) and how pharmacologic interference with basal and PDT-upregulated iNOS/NO can significantly improve PDT outcomes.

Keywords: 2D Co-cultures; Anti-iNOS/NO adjuvants; Bystander effects; Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); Nitric oxide (NO); PDT resistance; Post-PDT aggressiveness; iNOS/NO measurements.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Apoptosis
Cell Proliferation
Humans
Neoplasms* / pathology
Nitric Oxide / metabolism
Photochemotherapy*

Substances

Nitric Oxide