The Fascias of the Forehead and Temple Aligned-An Anatomic Narrative Review

Fabio Ingallina; Michael G Alfertshofer; Leonie Schelke; Peter J Velthuis; Konstantin Frank; Samir Mardini; Elena Millesi; Denis Ehrl; Jeremy B Green; Sebastian Cotofana

doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.006

The Fascias of the Forehead and Temple Aligned-An Anatomic Narrative Review

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2022 May;30(2):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.006.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Private Practice, Catania, Italy.
² Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig - Maximilian University Munich, Germany.
³ Private Practice, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
⁴ Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
⁵ Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
⁶ Skin Associates of South Florida and Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
⁷ Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Building 9-38, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: cotofana.sebastian@mayo.edu.

PMID: 35501059
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.006

Abstract

A thorough understanding of 3-dimensional facial anatomy and its fascial concepts is essential to allow for further development of novel surgical and nonsurgical treatment strategies to increase patient safety and effectiveness. The layered anatomy and its interconnections of the forehead, scalp, and temple is complex and is thus summarized and aligned in a unified nomenclature in this review. The scalp consists of 5 layers, which transition into 8 layers in the forehead and into a total of 13 layers in the temple.

Keywords: Facial anatomy; Fascial layers; Forehead anatomy; Frontalis muscle; Temple anatomy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Face* / surgery
Fascia
Forehead* / anatomy & histology
Forehead* / surgery
Humans
Scalp / surgery