Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications

Mengshi Xiao; Xinmiao Ren; Ying Yu; Wei Gao; Changliang Zhu; Han Sun; Qing Kong; Xiaodan Fu; Haijin Mou

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100233

Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications

Food Chem X. 2022 Jan 29:13:100233. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100233. eCollection 2022 Mar 30.

Authors

Mengshi Xiao¹, Xinmiao Ren¹, Ying Yu¹, Wei Gao¹, Changliang Zhu¹, Han Sun¹, Qing Kong¹, Xiaodan Fu², Haijin Mou¹

Affiliations

¹ College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
² State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Bacterial exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight polysaccharides that are secreted by a wide range of bacteria, with diverse structures and easy preparation. Fucose, fucose-containing oligosaccharides (FCOs), and fucose-containing polysaccharides (FCPs) have important applications in the food and medicine fields, including applications in products for removing Helicobacter pylori and infant formula powder. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharide (FcEPS) is a prospective source of fucose, FCOs, and FCPs. This review systematically summarizes the common sources and applications of FCPs and FCOs and the bacterial strains capable of producing FcEPS reported in recent years. The repeated-unit structures, synthesis pathways, and factors affecting the production of FcEPS are reviewed, as well as the degradation methods of FcEPS for preparing FCOs. Finally, the bioactivities of FcEPS, including anti-oxidant, prebiotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-microbial activities, are discussed and may serve as a reference strategy for further applications of FcEPS in the functional food and medicine industries.

Keywords: 2′-FL, 2′-fucosyllactose; 3-FL, 3-fucosyllactose; ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate; Bacterial exopolysaccharides; Bioactivity; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EPS, exopolysaccharides; FCOs, fucose-containing oligosaccharides; FCPs, fucose-containing polysaccharides; FcEPS, fucose-containing EPS; Food application; Fucose; HMOs, human milk oligosaccharides; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; Structure.