Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores and Diabetes Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Sara Asadi; Azadeh Aminianfar; Fahimeh Shiva; Sasan Asadi; Habib Yarizadeh; Mostafa Qorbani; Khadijeh Mirzaei

doi:10.1155/2022/2661649

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores and Diabetes Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Apr 21:2022:2661649. doi: 10.1155/2022/2661649. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Sara Asadi¹, Azadeh Aminianfar^{1

2

3}, Fahimeh Shiva⁴, Sasan Asadi⁵, Habib Yarizadeh¹, Mostafa Qorbani^{6

7}, Khadijeh Mirzaei¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition, Metabolic Disease, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
⁴ Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁵ Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran.
⁶ Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁷ Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Diet has been previously related to DSPN. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the whole diet and DSPN. So, we aimed to examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and DSPN in Iranian adults.

Methods: A total of 185 subjects with DSPN and 185 sex- and age-matched controls were selected in this case-control study. A 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assay dietary intakes. DII was calculated based on the developed formula. The Toronto clinical neuropathy score was applied to define DSPN. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of DII in relation to DSPN.

Results: Mean values of age and BMI for all the participants were reported as 50.79 and 28.60, respectively. Also, the median (IQR) of DII for all the participants was estimated as -0.091 (-0.93, 1.07). Our findings suggest that participants in the highest quartile of the DII had higher odds of DSPN (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.36) (p-trend = 0.01) compared to subjects in the lowest quartile of DII scores after adjustment for age and sex. Additionally, a strong association was observed after adjusting for energy intake, physical activity, education, smoking status, economic status, marital status, job, BMI, and WC in model 2 (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.13-4.39) (p-trend = 0.0048).

Conclusion: Higher DII score was associated with an increased risk of DSPN. Therefore, it is possible that a diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients and foods could improve and prevent DSPN.