Positive impact of pre-Ramadan education on glycemic control and reducing risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic elderly patients during COVID 19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: Elderly patients have higher risks for complications during Ramadan fasting. Educating patients is essential for fasting safely.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of pre-Ramadan education in reducing risk of hypoglycemia and achieving glycemic control in elderly.

Methods: A prospective study carried out in outpatients clinics of Internal Medicine department in Assiut university hospital. It included 316 type 2 diabetic patients who intended to fast. They were grouped into 2 groups; < 65 years and ≥ 65 years patients. The patients received pre-Ramadan individual education sessions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data to stratify the risk of fasting. The study was carried out in 3 phases. Assessment of hypoglycemia and biochemical parameters after the education was the primary outcome.

Results: Fasting blood glucose decreased during and after Ramadan in elderly significantly (p = 0.0001). The patients who achieved fasting blood glucose less than 8 mmol/L increased from 29.3% to 46.6% after Ramadan in elderly patients. HbA1c decreased significantly after Ramadan (p = 0.001). The main cause of breaking fast was hypoglycemia in both groups; 9% vs.7.7% in patients < 65 and ≥ 65 years respectively. The waist circumference showed significant decrease in patient with 65 years old or more (p = 0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL increased with no statistical significance in patients ≥ 65 years (p = 0.512, 0.470). Both groups showed improvement of HDL cholesterol during and after Ramadan (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Pre-fasting education had positive impact on decreasing the risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetes; Egypt; Elderly; Hypoglycemia; Ramadan fasting.