First Human Cell Experiments With FLASH Carbon Ions

Abstract

Background/aim: This study aimed to establish a setup for ultra-high-dose-rate (FLASH) carbon-ion irradiation, and to conduct the first human cell experiments using FLASH carbon ions.

Materials and methods: A system for FLASH carbon-ion irradiation (1-3 Gy at 13 or 50 keV/μm) was developed. The growth and senescence of HFL1 lung fibroblasts were assessed by crystal violet staining assays and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, respectively. Survival of HSGc-C5 cancer cells was assessed by clonogenic assays.

Results: The dose rates of carbon ions ranged from 96-195 Gy/s, meeting the definition of FLASH. With both 13 and 50 keV/μm beams, no FLASH sparing effect was observed on the growth suppression and senescence of HFL1 cells, nor on the survival of HSGc-C5 cells.

Conclusion: We successfully conducted the first human cell experiments with FLASH carbon ions. No FLASH effect was observed under the conditions examined.

Keywords: FLASH; cancer; carbon ions; fibroblast; radiation; ultra-high dose rate.