We shall define occupational pneumonia as a disease of external origin, closely tied to the workplace setting and caused by biological microorganisms. The main pathogens are bacteria, fungi and viruses. There are a number of occupations specifically prone to the possibility of acquiring pneumonia when performing work duties. In addition to the diagnostic methods and drug treatments current in infectious processes, a good clinical history, with avoidance and protection measures would be the most important tools for the management of occupational pneumonia. Social and demographic changes in the last two decades have made zoonotic infections, and especially viruses, the main cause of new infections. Human health and animal health are closely linked, so collaboration between veterinarians and doctors, together with the necessary environmental respect and conservation, plus the appropriate public policies are essential to avoid these wide negative effects.