Controlled synthesis of graphene oxide/silica hybrid nanocomposites for removal of aromatic pollutants in water

Amr Abdelkhalek; Mona Abd El-Latif; Hesham Ibrahim; Hesham Hamad; Marwa Showman

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10602-4

Controlled synthesis of graphene oxide/silica hybrid nanocomposites for removal of aromatic pollutants in water

Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 29;12(1):7060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10602-4.

Authors

Amr Abdelkhalek¹, Mona Abd El-Latif², Hesham Ibrahim¹, Hesham Hamad³, Marwa Showman⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt.
² Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
³ Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt. hhamad@srtacity.sci.eg.
⁴ Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt. marwashowman@yahoo.com.

Abstract

The remarkable characteristics of graphene make it a model candidate for boosting the effectiveness of nano-adsorbents with high potential owing to its large surface area, π-π interaction, and accessible functional groups that interact with an adsorbate. However, the stacking of graphene reduces its influence adsorption characteristics and also its practical application. On the other hand, the widespread use of aromatic compounds in the industry has aggravated the contamination of the water environment, and how to effectively remove them has become a research hotspot. Herein, we develop the functionalization of silica nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanosheet (FGS) by a facile, cheap, and efficient synthesis protocol for adsorption of Trypan Blue (TB) and Bisphenol A (BPA). It was demonstrated that chemical activation with KOH at high autoclaving temperature successfully transformed rice husk ash (RHA) into FGS. The graphene oxide layered interlamination was kept open by using SiO₂ to expose the interlayers' strong adsorption sites. XRD, EDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, HR-TEM, and BET surface area are used to investigate the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and textural nature of the as-produced FGS hybrid nanocomposite. The various oxygen-containing functional groups of the hybrid nanocomposites resulted in a significantly increased adsorption capacity, according to experimental findings. In addition, FGS2, the best composite, has a specific surface area of 1768 m²g^-1. Based on Langmuir isotherms, the maximal TB dye and BPA removal capacity attained after 30 min were 455 and 500 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model, a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and an intraparticle diffusion model have all been used to provide mechanistic insights into the adsorption process. This suggests that BPA and TB adsorption on FGS2 is mostly chemically regulated monolayer adsorption. Due to its unique sp²-hybridized single-atom-layer structure, the exposed graphene oxide nanosheets' extremely hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonding, and strong-electron donor-acceptor interaction contributed to their improved adsorption of BPA and TB. According to adsorption thermodynamics, FGS2 adsorption of TB and BPA is a spontaneous exothermic reaction that is aided by lowering the temperature. For adsorption-based wastewater cleanup, the produced nanocomposites with a regulated amount of carbon and silica in the form of graphene oxide and silica can be used. These findings suggest that functionalized GO/SiO₂ hybrid nanocomposites could be a viable sorbent for the efficient and cost-effective removal of aromatic chemicals from wastewater.